Number of Jobless People Declines Slightly in Europe

PARIS — While unemployment remained at record levels in percentage terms, the actual number of jobless people in the euro zone fell slightly in July, according to data published on Friday, offering fresh evidence that Europe’s struggling economy was taking tentative steps toward a recovery.

The tiny improvement in employment — which came alongside declining inflation and a survey showing improved confidence among European consumers and business managers — was welcomed as additional evidence that the worst of the region’s downturn was probably over. Still, officials and economists cautioned that the economic health of Europe remained fragile and the pace of recovery highly uneven within the region, underscoring the challenge for policy makers and central bankers.

“The recent improvements are minimal,” said Laszlo Andor, the European Union’s commissioner for employment. “This is no time for celebration or complacency.”

The jobless rate in the 17 countries that share the euro was 12.1 percent in July, adjusting for seasonal effects, according to a report from Eurostat, the European Union statistics agency. That figure has remained unchanged for several months. A year earlier, it was 11.5 percent.

Eurostat estimated that 19.2 million people in the euro area were jobless in July, 15,000 fewer than in from June.

For all 28 countries in the European Union, the number of unemployed fell by 33,000, to 26.7 million, for a rate of 11 percent. The European bloc expanded from 27 members to 28 on July 1, when Croatia joined.

Joblessness in the euro zone has been marching higher almost without interruption for more than five years, declining only briefly at the beginning of 2011. The July data showed the first back-to-back monthly decline in the number of jobless since April 2011.

But while some countries, like Germany, Austria and the Netherlands, have managed to weather the crisis with relatively little human cost, their Southern European neighbors — crippled by the euro zone’s debt crisis — still confront devastating levels of joblessness, particularly among the young.

“Against the background of what we’ve seen over last 18 months, yes, this is good news,” Carsten Brzeski, an economist at ING Bank in Brussels, said of the employment figures. “But tell that to the people who are still unemployed in places like Spain.”

The figures released on Friday again demonstrated the large disparity in growth and unemployment rates.

Unemployment in Germany stood at 5.3 percent in July, while Austria’s rate was 4.8 percent — less than one-fifth the levels recorded in Greece and Spain.

Andrea Broughton, principal research fellow at the Institute for Employment Studies in Brighton, England, emphasized the high levels of youth unemployment in many parts of Europe. In Greece, where the jobless rate is already among Europe’s highest at nearly 28 percent, youth unemployment was 62.9 percent in May, the latest month available for that country. In Spain and Croatia, more than half the young people remain out of work.

Nonetheless, Mr. Brzeski of ING said there were growing signs that Europe’s downturn had bottomed out and that structural reforms introduced in Spain, Portugal and other pockets of Europe’s “periphery” had begun to bear fruit.

He pointed to the European Commission survey of business and consumer confidence for August, which was also released on Friday, showing that optimism among company managers had reached its highest level in two years.

“Unit labor costs in many peripheral countries really have been improving,” he said. There was a nascent sense among businesses in those countries, he added, that “finally, something has been done and it’s showing some effect.”

The confidence survey, conducted by the executive agency of the European Union, showed that sentiment was improving not only in relatively healthy economies like Germany and the Netherlands but also in Italy and Spain, which have been among the hardest hit by the downturn.

The index of sentiment within the euro zone, based on factors including business orders, industrial confidence and hiring plans, rose 2.7 points to 95.2, the European Commission said. Across the European Union, the measure rose 3.1 points to 98.1.

Consumer confidence also improved, thanks mainly to brighter expectations about the economic situation over the next 12 months. Expectations about employment, however, remained unchanged.

Europe’s stagnant economy continued to keep a lid on prices. Eurostat on Friday forecast that annual consumer price inflation would decline to 1.3 percent in August from 1.6 percent a month earlier, largely because of a drop in energy prices.

This low-inflation trend, economists said, provides useful ammunition to the European Central Bank, which remains reluctant to raise its benchmark interest rate from a record low of 0.5 percent.

“As long as inflation remains well behaved and clearly below 2 percent,” Mr. Brzeski said, “I think the E.C.B. can sit very comfortably where it is right now.”

Economix Blog: An Employment Number That Isn’t Budging

Hulu Says Number of Paid Subscribers Has Doubled

Hulu, the online video Web site that has both free and paid services, said Tuesday that it had doubled its number of paying subscribers in the last year, to four million.

The announcement comes at an uncertain time for Hulu, as two of its owners, the Walt Disney Company and News Corporation, weigh whether to sell the company. Last month, the founding chief executive of Hulu, Jason Kilar, stepped down; one of his top lieutenants, Andy Forssell, is now the acting chief executive.

Hulu was not expected to say anything new about its ownership structure at a Tuesday morning event for advertisers in New York. The event, part of the Digital Content NewFronts this week, was set up to promote several original series that will premiere on Hulu this year.

Among the shows that will be distributed exclusively by Hulu are “Quick Draw,'’ a comedic Western set in 1870s Kansas, and “The Awesomes,” an animated series about superheroes from the minds of the “Saturday Night Live” star Seth Meyers and the “Late Night With Jimmy Fallon” producer Michael Shoemaker. They are the third wave of original shows for the service, and the most ambitious to date. The first wave, in 2011, was led by the Morgan Spurlock documentary series “A Day In The Life;” the second, in 2012, included a political sitcom called “Battleground” and a travelogue by Richard Linklater called “Up to Speed.”

That said, Hulu’s most popular shows remain those that it licenses from their owners and from other media companies. Hulu says it has more than 470 such partners and more than 70,000 full television episodes on its free and paid services combined.

Content costs are rising as the online television marketplace becomes more competitive; last week, Yahoo snapped up the exclusive rights to old clips from “Saturday Night Live,” something that Hulu used to feature on its own site.

In this crowded environment, commissioning shows is one way to stand out. Hulu has been in the news this week because it is one of only two places to watch “All My Children” and “One Life to Live,” the canceled ABC soap operas that were resurrected online by a production company, Prospect Park. The other outlet for the shows is Apple’s iTunes store.

Along with “The Awesomes” and “Quick Draw,” Hulu’s other two original series this year are “Behind the Mask,” a documentary series about sports mascots, and “The Wrong Mans,” a drama about two innocent men tied up in a criminal conspiracy. “The Wrong Mans” is a coproduction of the BBC and Hulu.

At the advertiser event on Tuesday, Hulu will also promote a number of shows that have been televised in other countries, but are exclusive to Hulu in the United States. They include an animated series from Canada called “Mother Up!” as well as “Prisoners of War,” an Israeli drama that inspired Showtime’s “Homeland.”

The company will also describe several ideas for original shows that are “brand contingent,” meaning they will be made only if advertisers sign up to support them. One of these ideas involves the chef Mario Batali in conversation with celebrities; another is a performance series to be hosted by Carson Daly.

In addition to announcing that its paid service, Hulu Plus, had topped four million subscribers for the first time, up from two million in the previous year, Hulu said it had reached a new revenue record in the first quarter, but did not specify what that record was. In 2012, according to the company, it earned $695 million in revenue, up from approximately $420 million in 2011.