DealBook: YP, a Mobile Search Firm, Buys Sense Networks

Your Money Adviser: Mobile Banks Gaining Popularity With Young Consumers

Then she heard about GoBank, one of a new breed of mobile banking services aiming at fee-averse customers, especially 20-somethings or “millennials,” accustomed to doing everything on their smartphones. She now uses it as her sole bank.

Ms. Goetze is a fan of a GoBank feature that lets her check her balance quickly on her phone, without having to log in to her account. “I love, love, love it!” she said. She doesn’t pay any monthly fee; GoBank lets users choose their fee (from zero to $9 a month), and right now she opts to pay nothing. But she said she may start paying $1 a month, now that she has been using GoBank for a while and likes it. She estimates she would have had to pay about $12 a month with a traditional account.

Old-fashioned banks, of course, also offer mobile banking apps, and branchless banks aren’t new either. But the upstarts, which include Simple and Moven, especially appeal to younger customers and others on a tight budget because they shun most fees, including dreaded overdraft fees, and have no minimum balance requirements. Each differs slightly in their offerings, but all aim to simplify payments and help users closely track their spending. They’re meant to be used when customers are on the fly, rather than sitting down at a computer.

The new alternatives work with traditional banks to hold deposits, so the money in your account is F.D.I.C.-insured. GoBank is the mobile banking arm of the Green Dot Corporation, which markets reloadable prepaid debit cards and owns Green Dot Bank, which holds the funds deposited via GoBank. Simple and Moven are in effect banking services, rather than banks, but they work with traditional banks to handle the actual banking functions behind their mobile apps. Simple’s deposits are held at Bancorp Bank, based in Delaware (a spokeswoman said Simple may also partner with other banks in the future as it grows), while Moven’s are held at CBW Bank, which is based in Kansas. But customers access the service through their mobile apps or websites.

The new mobile banks are gaining in popularity. Simple became available to the public in July 2012 and now has about 80,000 customers, said a spokeswoman, Krista Berlincourt. Simple currently requires users to email a request for an invitation to join, before allowing them to register. The approach acts as a fraud deterrent and also lets the company ramp up its systems to meet demand, she said.

Moven is still in its testing phase, and also asks customers to submit an invitation, said Alex Sion, Moven’s president; he says the service has “a couple of thousand” customers. One of its distinctions is that it offers users the option to make payments directly from their phone, by tapping the phone on a payment terminal, he said.

The new mobile models are evolving, but show promise by focusing on what the customer wants to do, rather than relying on banking terms that most millennials don’t care about, said Jennifer Tescher, chief executive of the Center for Financial Services Innovation. Simple’s users, for instance, can see their “safe to spend” balance, which takes into account pending bills. Young people like to have quick access to check their balances, she said, because they have been hard hit by the slow economy and are on tight budgets. “They care about having a terrific user experience that’s easy to use and understand, and works in real time,” she said.

Jim Bruene, founder of the Netbanker blog, said the new mobile banks had a “hip” aura that appeals to young people. GoBank, for instance, offers a budgeting tool called Fortune Teller. Users can ask whether a purchase for a certain amount is a good idea, and the system will respond based on your spending — usually with a mildly sarcastic remark (“Think. When did you last see your mind?”).

Email: yourmoneyadviser@nytimes.com

Bits Blog: Samsung’s Mobile Chief Departs

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Bits Blog: The Rise and Fall of Windows Mobile, Under Ballmer

Google Results Show Struggle With Mobile

Despite a range of efforts by Google, the riddle remains unsolved, its financial report Thursday revealed.

Google reported second-quarter results that missed analysts’ expectations for revenue and profit. They showed that its desktop search business continues to slow and ad prices continue to fall as it struggles to make as much money on mobile devices.

The report was particularly incongruous given how Google’s share price climbed 27 percent this year.

It is a vexing problem for every company that has generated revenue through advertising, be it a century-old magazine with a mobile app or a new Web site aggregating the news. Mobile ads do not command the premium that Web advertising does (and Web ads do not make as much as print ads).

Colin W. Gillis, a technology analyst at BGC Partners, wrote a haiku before the earnings announcement: “The results should be/ pretty as a picture to/ justify the stock.”

They were not. Shares, which fell 1 percent ahead of the report on Thursday, fell another 4 percent in after-hours trading.

“One of the reasons why people like Google is you can look forward and see what they’re doing with Glass and laying fiber and driverless cars and Chrome, chasing after new revenue streams,” Mr. Gillis said. “But those are still pretty far away. Google’s core business is all about advertising and clicks, and the core business is absolutely maturing.”

Mobile ads, he added, are inexpensive yet “overpriced because the conversion rates are so low.”

“It’s still too hard to transact on a phone,” Mr. Gillis said.

Google had seemed to have finally found a solution to the riddle, by making the biggest-ever change to its AdWords advertising product. The new program, called enhanced campaigns, which was introduced in February and will be mandatory for all advertisers on Monday, gives advertisers less choice about advertising on mobile devices by automatically including desktop, tablet and cellphone ads for all campaigns. Advertisers can choose not to buy cellphone ads but are required to buy tablet ads.

Google says that this simplifies the process for advertisers and makes it easier to reach customers who use devices indiscriminately. More important than the type of device, the company says, is whether someone is at a desk or on the sofa, in the mood to shop or eat.

But it also means that the price of mobile ads, which has been about half that of desktop ads, will most likely increase. Google’s ads are sold at auction, and one reason mobile prices have been low is that there has been less demand. Enhanced campaigns should change that.

For example, the cost per ad click, known as C.P.C., for clients of the Search Agency, a search ad firm, rose 22 percent in the quarter, largely because of Google’s ad-buying changes. It was the first time that tablet ads cost more than those on desktops, and advertisers increased spending on smartphones 25 percent, the most of any device category.

“There used to be a discount you would get for going after traffic on tablets instead of desktops,” said Keith Wilson, vice president for agency products at the Search Agency. “Now that is disappearing. That is what is going to drive up C.P.C.’s in the mobile space. This has been a catalyst for prioritizing mobile.”

But it was too early for the results of the new ad program to show up in Google’s financial report, company executives said Thursday. The price that advertisers pay when Google users click on their ads decreased 6 percent from last year and 2 percent from the previous quarter, declining for the seventh quarter in a row and at a steeper annual rate than in the previous quarter.

Mobile ad pricing is “one of the many factors at work” affecting click prices, said Nikesh Arora, Google’s chief business officer. Google is in the early stages of enhanced campaigns and it will most likely take a year for the results to become apparent, he said. He added that another important metric at Google, the number of clicks on ads, is up 23 percent over last year, partly because of increased mobile use.

Larry Page, Google’s chief executive, said that six million advertisers had already switched to enhanced campaigns. American Apparel, according to Google, doubled its mobile conversion rate with the new ads, and M&Ms, the Mars candy brand, increased it by 41 percent.

In addition to enhanced campaigns, Google is doing other things to improve its mobile offerings and its profits from mobile ads. It has been encouraging Web sites to improve their mobile versions, and last month it said Web sites without easy-to-use mobile versions could fall in search rankings. And it introduced its product listing ads, for shopping, to mobile devices.

Google reported second-quarter revenue of $14.11 billion, up 19 percent from $11.8 billion a year ago. Net revenue, which excludes payments to ad partners, was $11.1 billion, up from $9.2 billion. Net income rose to $3.23 billion, or $9.54 a share, from $2.79 billion, or $8.42 a share. Excluding the cost of stock options, Google’s second-quarter profit was $9.56 a share.

Analysts had expected net revenue of $11.33 billion and earnings, excluding the cost of stock options, of $10.78 a share.

Adding to the disappointing results was a $342 million operating loss at Motorola Mobility, which is expected to introduce a new phone, the Moto X, this summer.

As shareholders and analysts wait for Google to find the next product to reignite revenue growth as the core search business slows, Mr. Page acknowledged the challenges of building new products that reach people on the same scale as search.

“It’s pretty easy to come up with ideas,” he said. “It’s pretty hard to make them real and get them to billions of people. And that’s to me what’s so exciting.”

Mobile Ads Help Propel Earnings At Facebook

Those concerns were silenced a bit on Wednesday, when Facebook’s earnings report offered early signs that the company was cracking the mobile revenue code.

In the first three months of the year, the company’s mobile advertising generated $375 million in revenue, exceeding what analysts had expected. Mobile revenue accounted for 30 percent of the company’s advertising revenue in the first quarter of this year, compared with 23 percent in the same period last year.

“What we have seen has made us more confident we can do more with advertising over time,” the company’s chief executive and co-founder, Mark Zuckerberg, told analysts on an earnings call on Wednesday. He said one of his top goals was to build “the best mobile product” — and make money from it.

Despite the strong mobile numbers, investors did not extol the company on Wednesday, largely because it continues to spend a lot of money to develop new features. The company’s shares fell about 1 percent, closing at $27.43, before the earnings were reported. Facebook shares swung up and down in after-hours trading but ended at $27.51.

Just last year, Mr. Zuckerberg said that Facebook was late in retooling itself for the mobile era. At Facebook headquarters, morale-raising posters went up on the walls screaming “Our Mobile Future.”

Since then, Facebook has introduced more than a half-dozen advertising products. They include what are called app-install ads, which are meant to help app developers draw new customers and more refined advertising tailored to consumers’ online and offline behavior.

Facebook has recently partnered with third-party data companies that track who buys soda at the supermarket and who is planning to buy a car in the next six months.

Facebook executives said the company planned to hone its targeting even more.

Two-thirds of Facebook’s 1.1 billion users across the world log into the site on their phones, the company said Wednesday, accounting for what executives described as strong growth in populous countries like India and Brazil.

For those mobile users, the changes mean more ads when they log in on their cellphones and eventually more finely targeted ads. And they mean a redesigned News Feed, a feature introduced in March, that offers marketers a chance to show off pictures and bigger and more prominent links.

“We want content in ads that’s as good as content from a friend or somewhere else on the site, as well as to have a higher return for marketers,” said Sheryl Sandberg, the company’s chief operating officer. “Those go hand in hand. What you’ll see from us is better targeting.”

All told, revenue increased 38 percent, to $1.46 billion, exceeding the $1.44 billion estimate of financial analysts surveyed by Bloomberg News. The company had $219 million in net income. It reported a profit of 12 cents a share, missing the average estimate by a penny.

“Over all, they’re on track,” said Aaron Kessler, an analyst with Raymond James. “They’re still rolling out new products for advertisers. They’re definitely more focused on creating shareholder value and driving revenue growth.”

In early April, the company introduced mobile software for Android phones called Facebook Home that is intended to nudge Facebook users to return to their mobile News Feeds even more frequently than they do now.

The new suite of applications effectively turns the News Feed into the screen saver of a smartphone, updating it constantly with Facebook posts and messages. It appears to be only a matter of time until the company introduces ads there.

Last May, Facebook held a widely publicized initial public offering of stock, at a price of $38 a share. Its fairy tale rise took a sharp dive almost immediately, resulting in lawsuits and angry recriminations. Its shares slumped to half the opening price at one point last fall, and they have inched up cautiously since then.

On Wednesday, Facebook filed a motion asking a federal judge to dismiss a lawsuit that accused the company of misleading investors about its financial strategy before the public offering, Reuters reported. The company said in court papers that it was not legally obligated to disclose publicly how mobile adoption would affect its financial performance in the future.

Wall Street analysts have watched closely for signs of Facebook fatigue among users. In the first quarter, they point out, fewer monthly users returned to Facebook on their desktop computers in the United States and Europe, according to comScore figures.

Analysts worried whether that meant that users in more mature and lucrative markets were getting bored with Facebook. But they noted that the figures applied only to desktop users and revealed little about mobile users of Facebook.

Mobile Apps Drive Rapid Changes in Search Technology

Google has repeatedly made the argument — and the commission agreed — that the speed of change in the technology industry made it impossible for regulators to impose restrictions without stalling future innovations.

Exhibit A is the mobile device. Nowhere has technology changed as rapidly and consumer behavior as broadly. As people abandon desktop computers for mobile ones, existing tech companies’ business models are being upended and new companies are blooming.

“Mobile is very much a moving target,” said Herbert Hovenkamp, a professor of antitrust law at the University of Iowa who has been a paid adviser to Google. “This is a market in which new competitors come in a week’s time.”

When the commission began its investigation 19 months ago, for instance, the iPhone did not have the Siri voice search, Apple did not have its own mapping service and Yelp’s mobile apps had no ads. By the time the inquiry concluded, all of that had changed. Google had new competitors on all sides trying to chip away at its hold on the mobile search and advertising market.

Still, Google is even more dominant on mobile phones than on desktop computers. It has 96 percent of the world’s mobile search market, according to StatCounter, which tracks Web use. It collects 57 percent of mobile ad revenue in the United States, while Facebook, its nearest competitor, gets just 9 percent, according to eMarketer.

But, analysts say, as people change their search habits on mobile devices — bypassing Google to go straight to apps like Yelp’s, for example — that dominance could wane, or a competitor could swoop in and knock Google off its perch.

“It’s important to recognize that many mobile apps are really vertical search engines,” said Rebecca Lieb, a digital media analyst at the Altimeter Group. “It is impossible to really say anyone dominates a section of mobile in a secure way right now.”

On cellphones or tablets, for instance, people increasingly skip Google altogether in favor of apps like Flixster for movie times or Kayak for flights.

Apple is taking on mobile search with Siri on the iPhone, which can answer questions about the weather or search for nearby restaurants. With its new mapping service, Apple has also entered local search.

On Friday, Blekko, a search start-up, introduced an app called Izik for Apple and Android devices. It tries to make searching more tablet-friendly by showing images instead of just links, and making it easier to swipe through many pages of results with a finger.

On mobile devices, said Rich Skrenta, chief executive of Blekko, “the user experience is so different that we think it opens things up. On your desktop, if it doesn’t look like Google, you think that’s not a search engine. On a tablet, it’s just vastly different.”

Jon Leibowitz, chairman of the F.T.C., said at a news conference Thursday that the speed of change in the tech industry meant that “you want to be careful before you apply sanctions.”

The commission also considered Google’s partnerships with cellphone makers like Samsung and HTC that license Google search on phones, so that a search box shows up on the home screen. In the end it decided not to take action against Google.

Some Google critics said that even though the competitive landscape is different on mobile devices, it should not have influenced the government’s analysis of Google’s behavior on the desktop Web.

“There’s no doubt that mobile applications, including Yelp’s, give consumers the ability to bypass the major search engines and go directly to the best provider of the service they’re looking for,” said Vince Sollitto, vice president for government relations at Yelp. Still, he added, “I don’t see how that impacts how someone is acting anticompetitively on the desktop.”

(One of Google’s concessions to the federal agency, that it would allow other Web companies to ask Google not to show their content in its own vertical search products — a chief complaint of Yelp’s — applies to mobile as well.)

But others said antitrust enforcement in the 21st century needs to be more agile.

Nick Wingfield contributed reporting from Seattle.

Bits Blog: Test Run: Burner, a Mobile App That Gives You Disposable Digits

Early Monday morning I got a mysterious text message from an unfamiliar number. It contained two pieces of information: another unknown number and a winky emoticon.

A weird message or two is not enough to unnerve me, but something about the timing (7 a.m.! On a Monday!) and the flirty face tacked on the end (anyone who truly knows me knows of my passion for emoji) seemed extra suspicious. I wanted to investigate further — but without involving my personal cellphone number any more than it already was.

So I downloaded an app called Burner that I’ve had my eye on for a while but hadn’t had a reason to use. After you sign up, Burner supplies you with a disposable mobile number for those times when you need a little bit more discretion. You can to do with it what you please — like coordinate with someone on Craigslist to buy a used item, set up a blind date, freak out your friends and text strange numbers to see if you can uncover who is behind them.

Digital subterfuge, at least the temporary kind that Burner provides, will cost you: the app itself is $1.99 and comes prepackaged with 20 free voice minutes or 60 free text messages. Additional talk time and texts can be purchased through the app itself. But having a thin layer of privacy between yourself and the rest of the world, when needed, is hard to put a price on and it was worth spending two dollars to interact with two people I did not know.

For what its worth, I never got a satisfactory answer from either number. One recipient never responded, and the other said her name was “Cathy,” which, in an ideal world, could be more viral marketing for R. Kelly‘s hip-hopera collaboration “Trapped in the Closet,” but is more likely the result of a mistyped number or a misfired text. Either way, it was freeing and satisfying to be stealthy in a world where that is increasingly difficult.

Test Run will be a regular feature on Bits that looks at interesting and new mobile applications, gadgets and Web services.

Bits Blog: In Shake-Up, Apple's Mobile Software and Retail Chiefs to Depart

Jeff Chiu/Associated Press Scott Forstall at an Apple event in September.

Scott Forstall, who has run software development for Apple’s iPad and iPhone products, and John Browett, the head of the company’s retail operations, are leaving Apple, in a rare management shake-up at the company.

The departure of Mr. Forstall, an Apple veteran, will shift his responsibilities to several other Apple executives. Most notably, Eddy Cue, the head of Apple’s Internet services, will take over development of Siri and maps, two efforts Mr. Forstall oversaw that have been widely criticized for their reliability and accuracy.

Apple said in a news release that the management changes would “encourage even more collaboration” at the company. Mr. Forstall will leave Apple next year and serve as an adviser to Tim Cook, the chief executive, in the meantime.

Dixons Retails, via Associated Press John Browlett

Jony Ive, the head of Apple’s industrial design, will take on more software responsibilities by providing more “leadership and direction for Human Interface,” Apple said. Craig Federighi, who was previously in charge of Apple’s Mac software development, will also lead development of iOS, the software for iPads and iPhones.

The departure of Mr. Browett, who joined Apple only in April to lead its retail operations, followed a number of missteps by him. In August, Apple took the unusual step of apologizing for a plan to cut back on staffing at its stores. Apple said that a search for a new head of retail was under way and that the retail team would report directly to Mr. Cook.